How Do Goroutines, User Threads, and Kernel Threads Interact in Go?

Goroutine, Threads, and Kernel State

In Go, understanding the relationship between goroutines, user threads, and kernel threads is crucial.

Goroutine and User Threads

Goroutines are lightweight user threads that run concurrently within a Go program. Unlike traditional user threads, goroutines are managed by the Go runtime and do not directly map to OS threads.

Kernel Threads

OS threads, or more specifically kernel threads, are fundamental units of execution in the operating system kernel. They are managed by the kernel and provide the abstraction for the execution of processes and threads.

Relationship in Go

Effective Go introduces goroutines, while avoiding the term "OS threads." However, the paper does mention "threads." In the context of Go, "threads" refer to user threads, which are implemented as goroutines.

Go Scheduler

The Go scheduler is responsible for mapping goroutines to OS threads. The number of OS threads, represented by P, is typically set to the number of CPU cores available to the program.

This setup ensures that all CPUs are utilized, while allowing other processes to share the system resources. The operating system dynamically adjusts the number of kernel threads (M) based on system load and the number of goroutines running in the program.

The above is the detailed content of How Do Goroutines, User Threads, and Kernel Threads Interact in Go?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!