How can I access methods of an embedded type in Go when Method Overloading is used?

Method Overloading and Embedded Type Access in Go

In Go, Method Overloading allows for the definition of multiple methods with the same name but different parameters or return types. When a Go struct contains another struct as an embedded type, it raises the question of accessing the methods of the embedded type.

Access Embedded Type Methods

To access the methods of an embedded type:

1. Declare the embedded type within the parent struct.
2. Use the name of the embedded type as a member of the parent struct to access its methods.

Example

Consider the following code:

package main

import "fmt"

type Human struct {
    name string
    age int
    phone string
}

type Employee struct {
    Human 
    company string
}

func (h *Human) SayHi() {
    fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s you can call me on %s\n", h.name, h.phone)
}

func (e *Employee) SayHi() {
    fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s, I work at %s. Call me on %s\n", e.name,
        e.company, e.phone)
}

func main() {
    sam := Employee{Human{"Sam", 45, "111-888-XXXX"}, "Golang Inc"}
    sam.SayHi() // calls Employee.SayHi
    sam.Human.SayHi() // calls Human.SayHi
}

In this example:

• The Human struct is embedded into the Employee struct.
• The parent struct (Employee) and embedded struct (Human) both have a SayHi() method.
• To access the SayHi() method of the Human struct, we use sam.Human.SayHi().

Method Overloading and Embedded Types

When an embedded type's method is overloaded, the child struct has access to all overloads. For example:

package main

import "fmt"

type A struct {
    SayHi func(string)
}

type B struct {
    A
}

func main() {
    a := B{}
    
    a.SayHi = func(s string) {
        fmt.Println("Hello", s)
    }
    
    a.SayHi("World") // prints "Hello World"
}

In this example:

• The A struct has a method named SayHi that takes a string parameter.
• The B struct embeds A and therefore has access to the SayHi method of A.
• We can assign a new function to the SayHi method of B, overloading the original SayHi method.

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