How Can I Pass Parameters to CSS Animations Using JavaScript?

Passing Parameters to CSS Animation with JavaScript

In modern web development, CSS animations play a crucial role in bringing dynamic effects and interactions to user interfaces. However, it can be limiting when you want to dynamically control animation properties based on external data or user input.

Consider the following CSS animation code:

p {
  animation-duration: 3s;
  animation-name: slidein;
}

@keyframes slidein {
  from {
    margin-left: 100%;
    width: 300%; 
  }

  to {
    margin-left: 0%;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

This animation animates an element sliding in from the right side. However, the margin-left and width values are hardcoded. If we want to customize these values based on specific requirements, we need a way to pass them as parameters.

Introducing CSS variables, a powerful feature that allows us to manipulate CSS properties using JavaScript. With CSS variables, we can achieve dynamic animation parameterization as follows:

p {
  animation-duration: 3s;
  animation-name: slidein;
}

@keyframes slidein {
  from {
    margin-left: var(--m, 0%);
    width: var(--w, 100%);
  }

  to {
    margin-left: 0%;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

Notice the use of var(--m, 0%) and var(--w, 100%) in the animation. In JavaScript, we can now set these variables to desired values and trigger the animation:

document.querySelector('.p2').style.setProperty('--m','100%');
document.querySelector('.p2').style.setProperty('--w','300%');

This simple JavaScript code sets the --m and --w variables for the element with the class "p2." As a result, the element will slide in from the right side with the specified margin-left and width values.

By combining CSS variables and JavaScript, we can now control animation parameters programmatically, opening up endless possibilities for dynamic and responsive user interfaces.

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