Can C 11, C 14, and C 17 Objects Be Safely Linked Together?

Linking C 17/14/11 Objects

Suppose you have multiple compiled objects from the same compiler/version: one compiled with C 11, another with C 14, and a third with C 17. Assuming all headers use C 11 constructs and there are no interdependencies, which combinations of these objects can be safely linked into a single binary?

GCC

For GCC, linking any combination of these objects is safe. The standard version (-std option) does not affect ABI compatibility, as the implementation ensures this property.

However, issues arise when linking objects compiled with different GCC versions and using unstable features from a newer C standard before the compiler's support is complete. Therefore, linking objects compiled with GCC versions 4.9 and 5 using -std=c 11 or GCC versions 7 and 8 using -std=c 17 will cause problems.

Other Considerations

• The libstdc .so shared library should be from a version of GCC equal to or later than the one used to compile any of the objects.
• The string implementation must be consistent across all objects. Compile with -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 or 1 to select the gcc4-compatible or new cxx11 implementation, respectively.

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