How to Successfully Initialize a MySQL Database Schema within a Docker Container?

How to Initialize a MySQL Database with Schema in a Docker Container

Initializing a database with a schema can be a complex process, especially when using a Docker container. This article addresses a common issue encountered when initializing a MySQL database with schema using a Docker container and provides a solution based on dumping the schema to a file and adding it to the /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d directory.

Problem Description

When attempting to create a Docker container with a MySQL database and initialize it with a schema using the following Dockerfile:

FROM mysql
MAINTAINER (me) <email>

# Copy the database schema to the /data directory
COPY files/epcis_schema.sql /data/epcis_schema.sql

# Change the working directory
WORKDIR data

CMD mysql -u $MYSQL_USER -p $MYSQL_PASSWORD $MYSQL_DATABASE <p>The container fails to start, and the CMD command is not executed successfully.</p>
<h3 id="Solution">Solution</h3>
<p>To initialize the database with the schema, follow these steps:</p>
<ol><li>Dump the MySQL schema to a file using:</li></ol>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">mysqldump -h <your_mysql_host> -u <user_name> -p --no-data <schema_name> > schema.sql</schema_name></user_name></your_mysql_host>

2. Add the schema file to the /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d directory in the Dockerfile:

FROM mysql:5.7.15

MAINTAINER me

ENV MYSQL_DATABASE=<schema_name> \
    MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=<password>

ADD schema.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

EXPOSE 3306</password></schema_name>

3. Start the Docker MySQL instance using:

docker-compose build
docker-compose up

By using the /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d directory, the SQL file will be automatically executed against the MySQL database upon container initialization, ensuring that the database is initialized with the desired schema.

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