How to Deploy a JavaFX 11 Desktop Application with a Bundled JRE?

Deploying a JavaFX 11 Desktop Application with a JRE

Deploying JavaFX applications has undergone a significant change with the discontinuation of Java Web Start in Java 11. As recommended by Oracle, it is now advisable to bundle the application with a JRE, eliminating the need for users to install a separate JRE.

Steps for Deployment with a JRE

To deploy a JavaFX 11 application with a JRE, follow these steps:

1. Convert Application to a Module:
   Create a module-info.java file to define the module name and dependencies.
2. Build with a Module Path:
   Compile the application using a module path instead of a classpath, including the necessary modules such as JavaFX.
3. Create a Jar and Jmod:
   Create a jar from the compiled classes and convert it to a jmod (Java module) using the jmod tool.
4. Link the Image:
   Link the jmod and its required modules into an "image" using the jlink command. The image essentially contains a minimal JRE with only the required modules.

Distribution

Distribute the image file tree (a directory structure) to users. The executable for the application is placed in the image's bin directory. Users can run the application by executing this executable.

Native Installers and Other Tools

Java 14 introduces jpackage, a tool for creating native installers. Additionally, external tools like JWrapper and InstallAnywhere can still be used for creating installers, but it's important to ensure they are compatible with Java 11's module system.

Cross-building

To create images for different platforms, use the jmod and jlink commands with the appropriate target platform specified. For example, for Windows, one would use the platform string "windows-amd64."

By following these steps and using the appropriate tools, developers can deploy JavaFX 11 desktop applications with a bundled JRE, ensuring compatibility with users who do not have Java 8 installed.

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