How Do I Use Proxy Servers with Python\'s `requests` Module?

Proxies with the 'Requests' Module: Understanding the 'proxies' Variable

The 'Requests' module in Python allows users to send HTTP requests with ease. One of its important features is the 'proxies' variable, which enables the use of proxy servers for network requests. However, the documentation can be unclear about the expected format of this variable.

Understanding the 'proxies' Dict

The 'proxies' variable should contain a dictionary where the keys represent protocols (e.g., "http", "https") and the values represent the proxy URLs. Each proxy URL should be in the format "scheme://ip:port", where 'scheme' is typically 'http' or 'https', 'ip' is the IP address of the proxy server, and 'port' is the port number the server is listening on.

Example:

http_proxy = "http://10.10.1.10:3128"
https_proxy = "https://10.10.1.11:1080"
ftp_proxy = "ftp://10.10.1.10:3128"

proxies = {
              "http": http_proxy,
              "https": https_proxy,
              "ftp": ftp_proxy
            }

In this example, different proxy URLs are specified for HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols.

Environment Variables

On Linux and Windows, proxy settings can also be configured through environment variables:

• Linux: HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, FTP_PROXY
• Windows: http_proxy, https_proxy, ftp_proxy

Usage with the 'Requests' Library

Once the 'proxies' dictionary is set up, you can use it with the 'Requests' library as follows:

r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)

This request will go through the specified proxy servers according to the protocols used.

Conclusion

By understanding the correct format of the 'proxies' variable, you can effectively use proxy servers with the 'Requests' module. Remember to correctly format the proxy URLs and set the proper environment variables if necessary.

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