How to Fix the 'mysqli_stmt::bind_param() Expected a Reference' Error?

Resolving the "mysqli bind_param() Expected a Reference" Error

When encountering the error "Parameter 3 to mysqli_stmt::bind_param() expected to be a reference, value given," it indicates that the $params array is not properly configured for binding. To resolve this, it is crucial to understand the requirements for mysqli_stmt_bind_param().

The error arises because mysqli_stmt_bind_param() expects the parameters to be passed by reference. However, the $params array contains value copies, which are not references. To correct this, you must convert the values in $params to references using the following method:

function refValues($arr) {
    if (strnatcmp(phpversion(), '5.3') >= 0) { // Reference is required for PHP 5.3+
        $refs = array();
        foreach ($arr as $key => $value)
            $refs[$key] = &$arr[$key];
        return $refs;
    }
    return $arr;
}

Once the $params array contains references to the values, you can bind the parameters correctly using the following code:

PDO:

$query = "INSERT INTO test (id,row1,row2,row3) VALUES (?,?,?,?)";
$params = array(1, "2", "3", "4");
$param_type = "isss";
$sql_stmt = mysqli_prepare($mysqli, $query);
call_user_func_array('mysqli_stmt_bind_param', array_merge(array($sql_stmt, $param_type), refValues($params)));
mysqli_stmt_execute($sql_stmt);

OOP:

$insert_stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query);
array_unshift($params, $param_type);
call_user_func_array(array($insert_stmt, 'bind_param'), refValues($params));
$insert_stmt->execute();

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