How Does C Exception Handling Work: A Complete Guide to `throw` and `catch`?

Understanding C Exception Handling: A Comprehensive Guide to Throwing Exceptions

Exception handling is a crucial mechanism in programming that allows developers to handle unexpected errors and maintain program integrity. In C , the exceptions are programmed using the throw and catch statements.

Customizing Exception Handling

Consider the following example:

int compare(int a, int b) {
  // ...
}

Suppose we want to throw an exception when either a or b is negative. To achieve this, we can utilize the std::invalid_argument exception from the Standard Library.

Implementation of Throwing an Exception

#include <stdexcept>

int compare(int a, int b) {
  if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
    throw std::invalid_argument("received negative value");
  }
}

In the compare function, we throw the std::invalid_argument exception with the custom error message when either a or b is negative.

Catching the Exception

The exception can be caught using the try-catch statement:

try {
  compare(-1, 3);
} catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {
  // Handle the exception
}

Within the catch block, we can perform specific actions or log the error message for further analysis.

Multiple Catch Blocks and Re-Throwing Exceptions

We can have multiple catch blocks to handle different exception types separately. Additionally, we can re-throw exceptions to let a higher-level function handle the error:

try {
  // ...
} catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {
  // Handle the exception
  throw;  // Re-throw the exception
}

Catching All Exceptions

To catch exceptions of any type, we can use the catch(...) statement as a catch-all:

try {
  // ...
} catch (...) {
  // Handle all exceptions
}

By understanding and effectively utilizing exception handling in C , developers can enhance their code's robustness and improve error handling mechanisms.

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