How Do Media Queries Help You Design Responsive Websites for Different Screen Sizes?

Media Queries for Screen Size Adaptation

When designing web layouts for multiple screen sizes, media queries become essential tools. These queries allow developers to specify how a layout should adjust based on the width of the screen.

Applying Media Queries for Specific Screen Sizes

To target a specific screen size, use the media attribute with the max-width property. For example, to apply styles to screens with a width less than 800px, use:

@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  /* Styles for screens less than 800px wide */
}

Using the Code Sample Provided

The code sample provided uses the following media queries:

/* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) */
@media only screen 
and (min-device-width : 320px) 
and (max-device-width : 480px) {
  /* Styles for smartphones in portrait and landscape */
}

/* Smartphones (landscape) */
@media only screen 
and (min-width : 321px) {
  /* Styles for smartphones in landscape */
}

/* Smartphones (portrait) */
@media only screen 
and (max-width : 320px) {
  /* Styles for smartphones in portrait */
}

/* iPads (portrait and landscape) */
@media only screen 
and (min-device-width : 768px) 
and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
  /* Styles for iPads in portrait and landscape */
}

/* iPads (landscape) */
@media only screen 
and (min-device-width : 768px) 
and (max-device-width : 1024px) 
and (orientation : landscape) {
  /* Styles for iPads in landscape */
}

/* iPads (portrait) */
@media only screen 
and (min-device-width : 768px) 
and (max-device-width : 1024px) 
and (orientation : portrait) {
  /* Styles for iPads in portrait */
}

/* Desktops and laptops */
@media only screen 
and (min-width : 1224px) {
  /* Styles for desktops and laptops */
}

/* Large screens */
@media only screen 
and (min-width : 1824px) {
  /* Styles for large screens */
}

/* iPhone 4 - 5s */
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) {
  /* Styles for iPhone 4 - 5s */
}

/* iPhone 6 */
@media
only screen and (max-device-width: 667px) 
only screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
  /* Styles for iPhone 6 */
}

/* iPhone 6+ */
@media
only screen and (min-device-width : 414px) 
only screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 3) {
  /* Styles for iPhone 6+ */
}

/* Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge */
@media only screen
and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),
and (min-resolution: 192dpi)and (max-width:640px) {
 /* Styles for Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge */
}

These media queries cover a wide range of screen sizes, including smartphones, tablets, and larger screens.

Additional Considerations

Consider using em values instead of pixels for greater flexibility in different screen sizes. For further guidance, refer to the article "Media Query Units" by Zell Weekley.

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