How Can I Efficiently Insert Multiple Rows into PostgreSQL using Psycopg2?

Inserting Multiple Rows with a Single Query using Psycopg2

When dealing with large datasets, it becomes crucial to optimize database interactions. psycopg2, a popular Python library for PostgreSQL, provides several methods to insert multiple rows efficiently. One such method is the subject of this question: inserting multiple rows with a single query.

The need for this technique arises when the number of rows to be inserted is variable. The traditional approach, as mentioned in the question, involves using string concatenation to build a comma-separated list of tuples representing the rows to be inserted. However, there exists a more straightforward and concise approach using psycopg2's executemany() method.

This method takes two arguments: the SQL statement to be executed and a list of rows to be inserted. By using a list comprehension or a generator expression, it becomes easy to create a list of tuples representing the rows to be inserted. For instance, the following code snippet demonstrates how to insert three rows into a table named t using executemany():

import psycopg2

# Establish a connection to the database
conn = psycopg2.connect(host='localhost', 
                        user='postgres', 
                        password='mypassword', 
                        database='mydb')

# Create a cursor to execute queries
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Prepare the SQL statement
sql = "INSERT INTO t (a, b) VALUES (%s, %s)"

# Create a list of tuples representing the rows to be inserted
rows = [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]

# Execute the query using executemany()
cursor.executemany(sql, rows)

# Commit the changes to the database
conn.commit()

# Close the cursor and connection
cursor.close()
conn.close()

This approach requires fewer lines of code and provides better code readability compared to the concatenation method. Additionally, executemany() has been known to offer improved performance in certain cases.

As mentioned in the provided answer, optimizing database interactions is vital for handling large datasets. By utilizing executemany(), psycopg2 allows developers to insert multiple rows efficiently and effortlessly.

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