How Can I Load and Override Spring Boot\'s Default Properties with Multiple External Configuration Files?

Loading Multiple External Configuration Files in Spring Boot

Spring Boot provides an elegant mechanism for managing application configuration by loading properties from various sources. However, it's not immediately clear how to override default properties located in /src/main/resources with external configuration files.

Overriding Default Properties with External Files

To override default properties with external files, you can utilize the spring.config.location property. This property takes a comma-separated list of property files or directories to be loaded as additional configuration sources.

The following example demonstrates how to override job1.properties and job2.properties located in the current working directory (cwd):

java -jar myapp.jar spring.config.location=file:./config/job1.properties,file:./config/job2.properties

The downside of this approach is that it requires manual invocation of the application with the appropriate command-line argument.

Using spring.config.additional-location

To avoid using a workaround, you can leverage the spring.config.additional-location property. This property specifies additional locations from which to load configuration files, while preserving the default properties at the beginning of the resolution order.

With this approach, your configuration would look like this:

-Dspring.config.additional-location=file:./config/

The /src/main/resources files will still be loaded, but the external configuration files in the specified directory will have precedence.

Conclusion

By utilizing the spring.config.location and spring.config.additional-location properties, multiple external configuration files can be loaded and override the default properties located in /src/main/resources. This provides a flexible and customizable approach to managing application configuration in Spring Boot applications.

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