How Can I Use a Python List as Parameters in an SQL `IN` Clause?

Incorporating Python Lists into SQL Queries as Parameters

You possess a Python list (l) containing values (e.g., [1, 5, 8]), and you desire to retrieve data from a database table based on these list elements. Specifically, you aim to issue a SQL query like:

select name from students where id = |IN THE LIST l|

To accomplish this, consider employing a parameterised query approach, which is more versatile and robust than embedding values directly into the SQL string. This technique can handle both numeric and string values effectively, eliminating any potential escaping issues.

The following Python code snippet demonstrates this approach:

placeholder= '?' # For SQLite. Adjust based on database parameter style.
placeholders= ', '.join(placeholder for unused in l)
query= 'SELECT name FROM students WHERE id IN (%s)' % placeholders
cursor.execute(query, l)

By using placeholders (e.g., '?') in the SQL query and subsequently passing the list (l) as a parameter, you ensure that values are handled correctly by the database. This approach guarantees data integrity and prevents potential SQL injection vulnerabilities that could arise from uncontrolled string concatenation.

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