| </td>
<td>Short, brief descriptions</td>
<td>Simple, widely supported</td>
<td>Limited in length</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>aria-label</td>
<td>Brief descriptions</td>
<td>Quick, inline</td>
<td>Best for short text</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>aria-labelledby</td>
<td>Complex descriptions using <title> and <desc></td>
<td>Comprehensive, flexible</td>
<td>More verbose</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><figcaption></td>
<td>Visible description in a figure context</td>
<td>Visible and accessible</td>
<td>Not ideal for all SVGs</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<h3>
Functional images
</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>Any image with a functional purpose (e.g., a logo that links to the home page, a magnifying glass icon used as a search button) should include appropriate alt text.</p></li>
<li><p>Alt text should describe the <strong>image’s action</strong>, not its visual aspects.</p></li>
<li><p>If the image is both informative and actionable you can add alternative descriptions to each element—but it is not a requirement. e.g.<br>
</p></li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><!-- All of these choices lead to the same result. -->
<img src=".../Ladybug.jpg" role="presentation">
<img src=".../Ladybug.jpg" role="none">
<img src=".../Ladybug.jpg" aria-hidden="true">
</pre>
<h3>
Complex images
</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>If an image requires more explanation than a decorative, informational, or functional image include infographics, maps, graphs/charts, and complex illustrations use any of these methods to add alternative descriptions</p></li>
<li><p>Link out to a resource or provide a jump link to a longer explanation later on the page. e.g.<br>
</p></li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><img src=".../Ladybug_Swarm.jpg" alt="A swarm of red ladybugs is resting
on the leaves of my prize rose bush.">
</pre>
<ul>
<li>Append the aria-describedby attribute to the <img> element then link the image to an ID containing a longer description. e.g.
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><div title="Navigate to the homepage">
<a href="/">
<img src=".../Ladybug_Logo.png" alt="Lovely Ladybugs for your Lawn"/>
</a>
</div>
</pre>
<h3>
Alternative text best practices
</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>Advised to cap alternative text to 150 characters or less to avoid reader fatigue.</p></li>
<li><p>Avoid using words like <strong>"image of"</strong> or <strong>"photo of"</strong> in the description, as the screen reader will identify these file types.</p></li>
<li><p>When naming images, be as consistent and accurate as possible. Image names are a fallback when the alternative text is missing or ignored.</p></li>
<li><p>Avoid using non-alpha characters (for example, #, 9, &) </p></li>
<li><p>Use dashes between words rather than underscores in image names or alternative text.</p></li>
<li><p>Use proper punctuation whenever possible. Without it, the image descriptions will sound like one long, never-ending, run-on sentence.</p></li>
<li><p>Write alternative text like a human and not a robot. Keyword stuffing does not benefit anyone—people using screen readers will be annoyed, and search engine algorithms will penalize them.</p></li>
</ul>
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