What is the difference between :focus and :active in CSS pseudo-classes?

The Distinction Between :focus and :active

In the realm of CSS pseudo-classes, understanding the subtle differences between :focus and :active can elevate your styling precision.

Definition:

:focus applies when an element is in focus, rendering it ready to receive user input.
:active designates when an element is actively being manipulated by the user, usually through clicking, tapping, or pressing.

Distinction:

:focus sets the stage for user interaction by highlighting the element and often making it the default.
:active, on the other hand, signals that the element is being used and should be visually distinguished to reflect its active status.

Example:

Consider a button. Initially, it's simply present on the page. When you navigate to the button using the Tab key, it enters its :focus state. Clicking or pressing Spacebar transitions it to the :active state.

Note:

While :focus and :active may overlap in certain scenarios, such as when clicking on an element, they remain distinct states. Clicking involves both :focus (to bring the element into focus) and :active (to indicate it's being interacted with).

Practical Usage:

Understanding this distinction allows you to tailor CSS styles precisely. For example, you can style elements differently based on their focus or active states to provide visual cues that enhance user experience and accessibility.

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