How to Run Selenium Tests Headlessly on EC2 Instances Using Xvfb?

Selenium Execution in Xvfb

Running Selenium tests on an EC2 instance without a GUI requires using Xvfb to create a virtual framebuffer.

Problem Identification:

Despite installing Selenium and Xvfb, launching a Firefox browser using Selenium results in the error "cannot open display: :0."

Solution: Utilizing PyVirtualDisplay

To resolve this issue, you can utilize PyVirtualDisplay, a Python wrapper for Xvfb, which allows you to run headless WebDriver tests.

Here's a Python script that demonstrates this approach:

from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
from selenium import webdriver

display = Display(visible=0, size=(800, 600))
display.start()

# Now Firefox will operate in a virtual display, making it headless.
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('http://www.google.com')
print(browser.title)
browser.quit()

display.stop()

Additional Options

You can also use xvfbwrapper, an alternative module that requires no external dependencies:

from xvfbwrapper import Xvfb

vdisplay = Xvfb()
vdisplay.start()

# Launch processes within the virtual display here

vdisplay.stop()

Or, for improved code structure, employ xvfbwrapper as a context manager:

from xvfbwrapper import Xvfb

with Xvfb() as xvfb:
    # Launch processes within the virtual display within this code block.
    # xvfb starts and stops automatically.

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