How to Iterate Over a String by Runes in Go?

Iterating Over a String by Runes in Go

In Go, you may encounter a situation where you want to iterate over a string by its individual runes, or Unicode code points. You may be tempted to use a traditional for loop with the index i to access each character:

for i := 0; i <p>However, this approach won't work correctly because str[i] returns a byte (uint8) instead of a rune. To iterate over the string by runes, you need to use the range syntax:</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">for pos, char := range "日本語" {
    fmt.Printf("character %c starts at byte position %d\n", char, pos)
}

This code will print the following output:

character 日 starts at byte position 0
character 本 starts at byte position 3
character 語 starts at byte position 6

As the documentation for Effective Go explains, the range syntax "does more work for you, breaking out individual Unicode code points by parsing the UTF-8." This allows you to work with runes directly, making it easier to perform Unicode-related operations on your strings.

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