How do I group WHERE clauses in CodeIgniter for complex conditions?

Grouping WHERE Clauses in Codeigniter

To group multiple WHERE clauses in a complex condition, you can use the group_start() and group_end() methods in Codeigniter. These methods allow you to create nested WHERE conditions.

Codeigniter 3:

$this->db->select()
->from('users')
->where('name !=', 'Joe')
->group_start() // Open bracket
->where('age <', 69)
->or_where('id <', $id)
->group_end(); // Close bracket

Codeigniter 4:

$builder->select('*')
->from('users')
->where('name !=', 'Joe')
->groupStart()
->where('age <', 69)
->orWhere('id <', $id)
->groupEnd();

This revised code uses group_start() and group_end() to enclose the age and id conditions in parentheses. This ensures that the AND condition (age < 69) is evaluated first, followed by the OR condition (id < $id).

Handling Dynamic Queries:

Your original query was dynamically generated based on user parameters. To use the grouping methods in such scenarios, you can enclose the desired WHERE conditions within a loop and use group_start() and group_end() appropriately.

if ($price_range) {
  $price_array = explode('.', $price_range);
  $this->db->where('name !=', 'Joe');

  for ($i = 0; $i < count($price_array); $i++) {
    if ($i === 0) {
      $this->db->group_start();
      $this->db->where('places.price_range', $price_array[$i]);
    } else {
      $this->db->or_where('places.price_range', $price_array[$i]);
    }
  }
  $this->db->group_end();
}

This modified code uses group_start() and group_end() to group the price range conditions, ensuring proper operator precedence and avoiding evaluation issues.
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