How Does Line-Height Impact the Height of Block and Inline Elements?

Determining the Height of Content-Box for Block and Inline Elements

Block Elements

For block elements, the height of the content-box can be determined using the line-height property in the following manner:

• In the absence of any block-level children, padding, or borders, the height of the element is determined by the line-height.
• If the block element establishes an Inline Formatting Context (IFC), the height is defined by the last line box set by the line-height.
• If the block element establishes a Block Formatting Context (BFC), the height is determined by the height of the last in-flow child (including collapsed margins) or the bottom border edge of that child (if its top margin does not collapse with the element's bottom margin).

Inline Elements

For inline elements, the height property does not apply. Instead, the height of the content area is based on the font metrics used and cannot be explicitly controlled by CSS properties. The content area should always fit within the line box, but the exact height may vary depending on the font and rendering engine.

To illustrate the difference, consider the following code snippet:

<p></p>

In this example, the div and p elements establish an IFC, so the line box height will match the line-height. However, for the inline span element, the content area height is determined by the font metrics and may differ from the line-height.

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