How to Connect to a Database with Special Characters in the Password?

Connecting to a Database Despite Special Characters in Password

When establishing a database connection with SQLalchemy, users often encounter challenges when their password contains special characters. These characters can disrupt the connection string syntax, leading to connection errors.

To address this issue, programmers commonly employ alternatives, such as using engine.URL.create() and providing credentials explicitly. However, maintaining a tidy connection string often preferred for readability and maintainability.

Fortunately, a solution exists that allows for the encoding of the password within the connection string. By URL-encoding the password portion, special characters are converted into a format that can be properly parsed:

from urllib.parse import quote_plus
from sqlalchemy.engine import create_engine

engine = create_engine(
    "postgres://user:%s@host/database" % quote_plus("p@ss")
)

The quote_plus function provided by urllib.parse performs the necessary URL-encoding, ensuring that any special characters in the password are appropriately represented.

Under the hood, SQLAlchemy's database connection URL class follows a similar approach. When converting URL instances into strings, it escapes passwords using the same URL-encoding technique, ensuring compatibility with the database connection process.

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