How Can We Successfully Break Import Cycles in Go?

Addressing Import Cycles in Go: Alternative Approaches and Design Considerations

Import cycles in Go can indicate flawed architectural choices. To effectively break import cycles, it's crucial to examine the relationships between packages and consider alternative approaches.

Mixing Concerns and Dependency Inversion:

One common cause of import cycles is mixing concerns. Instead of defining clear responsibilities and dependencies, packages may overlap in their functionality. For instance, views shouldn't directly interact with action registries or change the names of actions.

To resolve such cycles, consider using dependency injection. Inject an interface into the view that encapsulates the necessary logic. The actual implementation of the interface can reside in a separate package.

Introducing Additional Packages:

In some cases, introducing one or more new packages may be necessary. These packages can abstract the shared logic used by dependent packages without creating circular dependencies. This approach keeps packages loosely coupled and promotes modularity.

Architectural Considerations:

Beyond resolving immediate import cycles, it's essential to consider the overall architecture of an application. Aim to categorize packages into three types:

1. Self-Contained Packages: Contain only code for a specific functionality and depend on no other first-party packages.
2. Logic Packages: Depend on self-contained packages only and avoid direct dependencies on each other.
3. Wiring Packages: Connect and coordinate other packages by handling instantiation, configuration, and dependency injection. These should typically be minimal in number.

By following these principles, you can create a well-structured and maintainable application with minimal import cycles.

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