Why Am I Getting 'Exception in Thread 'main' java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver' in My Selenium Project?

Error Encountered: Exception in Thread "Main" Java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Org/openqa/selenium/webdriver

Many developers encounter the "Exception in Thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver" error when attempting to import the Selenium WebDriver library. Despite adding the latest dependency to pom.xml and importing the correct classes, the error persists.

One possible cause is a discrepancy between the import package name and the actual location of the WebDriver class. While the documentation suggests importing from "org.openqa...", the class may reside in a different package due to updates or package restructuring. Verifying the library's actual structure and adjusting the import statement accordingly can resolve this issue.

Another reason could be a mismatch between the library's artifact ID and the Maven dependency configuration. Ensure that the dependency's artifact ID corresponds to the package name of the WebDriver class. In this case, it should be "selenium-webdriver." Mismatched artifact IDs can lead to Maven installing the incorrect JAR file, causing the error to occur.

Furthermore, if the ~/.m2/repository folder lacks the "openqa" folder but contains a "seleniumhq" folder, this indicates that the Selenium Maven dependency was not installed correctly. Ensure that the Maven command ("mvn ...") is executed within the directory containing the project's pom.xml file, and that the command is executed correctly without errors.

Lastly, in some IDEs like Eclipse, the error can be resolved by adjusting the classpath settings. Go to the project properties, navigate to the Java Build Path tab, and add the Selenium JAR files to the classpath instead of the modulepath. Additionally, clean the project before running it to ensure that any outdated class files are removed, and then rerun the application.

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