How can I customize the output of os.walk() to visualize a recursive directory structure in Python?

Recursive Directory Traversal with os.walk() in Python

In Python, the os.walk() function is a powerful tool for recursively traversing directories and subdirectories. By leveraging its functionality, you can navigate through your file system and access files and directories efficiently.

Using os.walk() to Print Directory Structures

Consider the following code:

import os

for root, dirs, files in os.walk("."):
    print(root)
    print("")
    for items in fnmatch.filter(files, "*"):
        print("..." + items)
    print("")

This code will traverse the current directory and print the directories and files within. However, the output will not be in the desired format: directories and files will be listed in the same way.

Customizing Directory Traversal Output

To print the directory and file structure as desired, such as:

A
---a.txt
---b.txt
---B
------c.out

where A and B are directories and the rest are files, you can modify the code as follows:

import os

for root, dirs, files in os.walk("."):
    path = root.split(os.sep)
    print((len(path) - 1) * '---', os.path.basename(root))
    for file in files:
        print(len(path) * '---', file)

This modified code:

• Splits the path into a list using the os.sep separator, which represents the directory separator on the current operating system.
• Calculates the level of indentation for each entry based on the number of path components minus 1.
• Uses a combination of indentation and the basename of the directory or file to display the structure in the desired format.

By adjusting the indentation and using the basename function, you can customize the output to suit your specific requirements. This technique allows you to visualize the directory hierarchy and access files and directories more conveniently.

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