How can I read Unicode UTF-8 files into wstrings in C 11?

Reading Unicode UTF-8 files into WStrings

In Windows environments, using C 11 provides the capability to read Unicode (UTF-8) files into wstrings. This is made possible through the utilization of the std::codecvt_utf8 facet.

std::codecvt_utf8 Facet

The std::codecvt_utf8 facet facilitates the conversion between UTF-8 encoded byte strings and UCS2 or UCS4 character strings. This versatility enables the reading and writing of both text and binary UTF-8 files.

Usage

An implementation using the facet involves creating a locale object that encapsulates the facet and locale-specific information. By imbuing a stream buffer with this locale, UTF-8 file reading becomes possible.

An example implementation using this approach is:

#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <codecvt>

std::wstring readFile(const char* filename)
{
    std::wifstream wif(filename);
    wif.imbue(std::locale(std::locale::empty(), new std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>));
    std::wstringstream wss;
    wss << wif.rdbuf();
    return wss.str();
}

int main()
{
    std::wstring wstr = readFile("a.txt");
    // Do something with your wstring
    return 0;
}

Global Locale Setting

Alternatively, it's possible to set the global C locale with the std::codecvt_utf8 facet. This method ensures that all std::locale default constructors will return a copy of the global locale, eliminating the need for explicit stream buffer imbuing.

To set the global locale:

std::locale::global(std::locale(std::locale::empty(), new std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>));

With this setting, you can simplify the file reading operation to:

std::wifstream wif("a.txt");
std::wstringstream wss;
wss << wif.rdbuf();
std::wstring wstr = wss.str();

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