How to achieve member specialization in C Templates?

Member Specialization in Templates

It is not possible to partially specialize specific members of a template class. A partial specialization must provide all template arguments. However, there are alternative approaches to achieve similar functionality.

Overloaded Functions

One workaround is to introduce overloaded functions within the template class. This provides the same access to member variables and functions as specialized member functions.

<code class="cpp">template <typename T, bool B>
struct X {
    void Specialized();
};

template <typename T>
void X<T, true>::Specialized() {
    // True-specialized implementation
}

template <typename T>
void X<T, false>::Specialized() {
    // False-specialized implementation
}</code>

Function Overloading with Template Parameter

Another option is to pass the specialization parameter as an additional function argument using a template parameter wrapped in a struct.

<code class="cpp">template <typename T, bool B>
struct X {
    void Specialized() { SpecializedImpl(i2t<B>()); }

private:
    void SpecializedImpl(i2t<true>) {
        // True-specialized implementation
    }

    void SpecializedImpl(i2t<false>) {
        // False-specialized implementation
    }
};</code>

Separate Class Template for Specialization

Specialized behavior can also be implemented in a separate class template and invoked from within the main template class.

<code class="cpp">template <typename T, bool B>
struct SpecializedImpl {
    static void call() {
        // True- or false-specialized implementation
    }
};

template <typename T, bool B>
struct X {
    void Specialized() { SpecializedImpl<T, B>::call(); }
};</code>

Nested Template Class for Specialization

The specialized behavior can be nested within the main template class as a template class.

<code class="cpp">template <typename T, bool B>
struct X {
private:
    template <bool B>
    struct SpecializedImpl { };

public:
    void Specialized() { SpecializedImpl<B>::call(); }

private:
    template <>
    struct SpecializedImpl<true> {
        static void call() {
            // True-specialized implementation
        }
    };

    template <>
    struct SpecializedImpl<false> {
        static void call() {
            // False-specialized implementation
        }
    };
};</code>

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