Why am I getting the \"certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate\" error in Python?

"certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate" Error Explained

When attempting to retrieve data from an HTTPS website using Python, the "certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate" error indicates an issue with validating the website's SSL certificate. This occurs when Python cannot verify the trustworthiness of the certificate authority (CA) that issued the website's SSL certificate.

Solution: Installing Certificates

The solution that involves running the "/Applications/Python 3.7/Install Certificates.command" command essentially installs the CA certificates into Python's trust store. These certificates are used to validate SSL certificates issued by the corresponding CAs. By installing these certificates, Python can now verify the trustworthiness of the website's SSL certificate and establish a secure connection.

Importance of Certificate Verification

SSL certificates are essential for securing online communications. They ensure that data transmitted between a website and a client's browser is encrypted, protecting it from eavesdropping and tampering. Certificate verification is the process of ensuring that the website's SSL certificate is valid and can be trusted.

Understanding SSL and Certificates

For a deeper understanding of SSL and certificates, consider the following resources:

• [SSL/TLS Certificates](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-is-an-ssl-certificate/)
• [Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Digital Certificates](https://www.digicert.com/kb/public-key-infrastructure-pki/)
• [The Anatomy of an SSL Certificate](https://www.globalsign.com/en/blog/anatomy-of-an-ssl-certificate)

By understanding the importance of certificate verification and how SSL certificates work, you can effectively troubleshoot and resolve issues related to SSL certificate validation in Python.

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