How to Effectively Manage Database Connections in PHP Classes Using the Singleton Pattern?

Utilizing PDO within PHP Classes

In your code, you have attempted to extend the PDO class and instantiate it within your Foo class. However, this is not the recommended approach. Instead, it is more appropriate to create a separate class that encapsulates the database connection and expose methods to perform queries and prepared statements.

Consider implementing the singleton pattern for managing the database connection. A singleton class ensures that only one instance of the connection is created, regardless of how many times it is accessed. This approach promotes efficiency and prevents multiple connections to the database.

Example:

<code class="php">class DatabaseConnection
{
    private static $instance;

    private function __construct()
    {
        // Connect to the database here
    }

    public static function getInstance()
    {
        if (self::$instance === null) {
            self::$instance = new DatabaseConnection();
        }

        return self::$instance;
    }

    public function prepare($query)
    {
        return self::$instance->prepare($query);
    }

    public function execute($query)
    {
        return self::$instance->execute($query);
    }
}</code>

Now, in your Foo class, you can access the database connection instance using the following code:

<code class="php">class Foo
{
    public function bar()
    {
        $dbh = DatabaseConnection::getInstance();

        $stmt = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM table');
        $stmt->execute();
    }
}</code>

By utilizing the singleton pattern, you can elegantly manage the database connection within your classes, ensuring code reusability and efficiency.

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