How can I use Cucumber with parallel execution to speed up my BDD tests?

Executing Cucumber Feature Files in Parallel

Introduction

In modern testing environments, parallel test execution can significantly improve the efficiency and speed of testing processes. Cucumber, a popular behavior-driven development (BDD) framework, allows for parallel execution of feature files.

Plugin-Based Approach

To achieve parallel execution in Cucumber, you can use the cucumber-jvm-parallel-plugin. This plugin dynamically creates test runner classes that can be executed in parallel.

Configuration

1. Add the Plugin to pom.xml:

<code class="xml"><dependency>
  <groupid>com.github.temyers</groupid>
  <artifactid>cucumber-jvm-parallel-plugin</artifactid>
  <version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency></code>

2. Configure the Plugin in pom.xml:

<code class="xml"><plugin>
  <groupid>com.github.temyers</groupid>
  <artifactid>cucumber-jvm-parallel-plugin</artifactid>
  <version>2.1.0</version>
  <executions>
    <execution>
      <id>generateRunners</id>
      <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
      <goals>
        <goal>generateRunners</goal>
      </goals>
      <configuration>
        <glue>foo, bar</glue>
        <outputdirectory>${project.build.directory}/generated-test-sources/cucumber</outputdirectory>
        <featuresdirectory>src/test/resources/features/</featuresdirectory>
        <cucumberoutputdir>target/cucumber-parallel</cucumberoutputdir>
        <format>json</format>
      </configuration>
    </execution>
  </executions>
</plugin></code>

Invoke Generated Runner Classes

Add a Maven Surefire plugin to invoke the generated runner classes in parallel:

<code class="xml"><plugin>
  <groupid>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupid>
  <artifactid>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactid>
  <version>2.19</version>
  <configuration> 
    <forkcount>5</forkcount>
    <reuseforks>true</reuseforks>
    <includes>
      <include>**/*IT.class</include>
    </includes>
  </configuration>
</plugin></code>

Shared WebDriver

To execute tests in parallel, the WebDriver instance must be shared and not explicitly closed within the tests. The SharedDriver class achieves this:

<code class="java">public class SharedDriver extends EventFiringWebDriver {
    private static WebDriver REAL_DRIVER = null;

    static {
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(CLOSE_THREAD);
    }

    public SharedDriver() {
        super(CreateDriver());
    }

    public static WebDriver CreateDriver() {
        WebDriver webDriver;
        if (REAL_DRIVER == null)
            webDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
        setWebDriver(webDriver);
        return webDriver;
    }
}</code>

Additional Considerations

• Parallel Execution and Grid: For optimal performance, use a grid with sufficient nodes (browsers registered with the hub).
• Hub Memory: Increase the pool size (e.g., -DPOOL_MAX=512) for Hub installations with a high number of nodes (50 ).

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