Detecting C 11 Support in Compilers with CMake
One of the challenges in software development is ensuring compatibility with different compiler versions and their feature sets. In particular, determining whether a compiler supports C 11 can be crucial for projects relying on newer language features.
CMake provides a convenient way to address this issue. With CMake version 3.1.0 and later, it offers the CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES variable, which lists the C features supported by the active compiler.
In practice, instead of relying directly on this variable, CMake provides more structured mechanisms for specifying C language standards and features.
Specifying the C Standard Explicitly
One option is to set the CXX_STANDARD and CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED properties for your CMake target. This explicitly specifies the desired C standard and whether it is mandatory (if the compiler does not support it, the build will fail).
For example:
<code class="cmake">add_executable(prog main.cc) set_property(TARGET prog PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 11) set_property(TARGET prog PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)</code>
Specifying Required C Features
Alternatively, you can use the target_compile_features command to specify the C features used by your target. CMake will then deduce the appropriate C standard from these features.
The CMAKE_CXX_KNOWN_FEATURES global property lists the available C features for consideration.
For example:
<code class="cmake">add_executable(foobar main.cc) set(needed_features cxx_strong_enums cxx_constexpr cxx_auto_type) target_compile_features(foobar PRIVATE ${needed_features})</code>
Checking for Supported Features
To verify the supported C features of your compiler:
<code class="cmake">cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1.0 FATAL_ERROR) project(foobar CXX) message("Your C++ compiler supports these C++ features:") foreach(feature in ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES}) message(feature) endforeach()</code>
These methods give you flexibility and control over the C language standard and features used in your CMake projects.
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