How to Create Nested Directories in Python: A Guide for All Versions

Creating Directories with mkdir() Functionality in Python

The widely-used Unix and Windows command line utility mkdir offers a highly convenient -p flag, which enables the creation of nested directories. For those working within the Python programming language, a similar functionality can be achieved natively, obviating the need for external system calls.

Python 3.5 and Above: pathlib.Path.mkdir

In Python versions 3.5 and later, the pathlib.Path.mkdir method provides a straightforward solution. The following snippet illustrates its usage with the exist_ok parameter:

<code class="python">import pathlib
path = "/tmp/path/to/desired/directory"
pathlib.Path(path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)</code>

Python 3.2 to 3.4: os.makedirs

For Python versions between 3.2 and 3.4, os.makedirs can be employed with the exist_ok argument:

<code class="python">import os
path = "/tmp/path/to/desired/directory"
os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)</code>

Python 2.5 to 3.1: Handling Errors in os.makedirs

In earlier Python versions (2.5 to 3.1), the following approach handles errors encountered with os.makedirs:

<code class="python">import errno    
import os

def mkdir_p(path):
    try:
        os.makedirs(path)
    except OSError as exc:  # Python ≥ 2.5
        if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):
            pass
        else:
            raise</code>

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