How Can I Implement a Smooth and Efficient Error Logging System in PHP?

Error Logging: A Smooth Approach

Error Handling

Error handling involves raising errors using trigger_error and handling them with a custom error handler set by set_error_handler. This approach allows error logging to be performed centrally, independent of the code that raises the errors.

Exception Handling

Exceptions can be raised using SPL and handled with a custom exception handler set by set_exception_handler. Exceptions can be caught, fixed, or rethrown with additional information.

Best Practices

1. Avoid Logging in Code: Delegate error logging to a central handler to maintain separation of concerns.
2. Use Standard Functions: Raise errors and throw exceptions using standard PHP functions (trigger_error, set_exception_handler) to ensure compatibility with most PHP configurations.
3. Handle Fatal Errors: Set up a register_shutdown_function to handle unexpected termination and log the error.

Code Setup

Error Handler:

<code class="php">function errorHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline, $errcontext) {
    // Handle and log errors here
}

$previousErrorHandler = set_error_handler('errorHandler');</code>

Exception Handler:

<code class="php">function exceptionHandler($e) {
    // Handle and log exceptions here
}

$previousExceptionHandler = set_exception_handler('ExceptionHandler');</code>

Shutdown Function:

<code class="php">function shutdownFunction() {
    $err = error_get_last();
    // Handle fatal errors
}

register_shutdown_function('shutdownFunction');</code>

Usage

Errors:

<code class="php">// Notices
trigger_error('Disk space is below 20%.', E_USER_NOTICE);

// Warnings
fopen('BAD_ARGS'); // Generate a warning

// Fatal Errors
trigger_error('Error in the code, cannot continue.', E_USER_ERROR); // Handled by the shutdown function</code>

Exceptions:

<code class="php">// Catch and fix
try {
    // Code that may throw an exception
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // Fix the issue and continue
}

// Rethrow with additional context
try {
    // Code that may throw an exception
} catch (Exception $e) {
    throw new Exception('Additional context', 0, $e);
}</code>

By adhering to these principles, you can implement a smooth and error-free logging system that facilitates error handling and logging in your applications.

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