Here are a few title options in a question format, based on your article: Focusing on Problems with Existing Methods: * Why Are IP Addresses and Cookies Ineffective at Preventing Multiple Online Vot

Effective Methods for Preventing Multiple Voting in an Online System

One key challenge in online voting systems is ensuring that each user can only cast one vote. This is crucial to maintain the integrity and reliability of the election. The two common methods proposed in the original post—storing IP addresses and using cookies—have limitations.

Why IP Address Storage Falls Short

While storing IP addresses with votes may prevent multiple votes from the same IP, it is not a foolproof method. In shared IP environments, such as office buildings or large campuses, it can disenfranchise users who genuinely have unique individual votes but share a common external IP address.

Cookie-Based Detection: A Vulnerable Approach

Similarly, relying solely on cookies is unreliable because users can easily delete or disable cookies, allowing them to bypass the voting restriction and cast multiple votes.

Practical and Effective Solutions

To achieve a more secure and practical approach, consider the following options:

Unique Government Identifier:

If feasible, using a unique government-issued identifier, such as a social security or passport number, can effectively prevent multiple voting. This method requires user verification and registration, ensuring that each registered user can only vote once.

Email-Based or Third-Party Authentication:

Registering users with an email address and password or through platforms like Google or Facebook offers a more accessible approach. By linking each email address or third-party account to a single vote, it becomes difficult for users to cast multiple votes even if they clear cookies or change devices.

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