How to Fix \"mysqlnd Unable to Connect to MySQL 4.1 Using Legacy Authentication\" Error?

Error: mysqlnd Unable to Connect to MySQL 4.1 Using Legacy Authentication

When using PHP 5.3 and MySQL 5.5 schemas, developers may encounter the following error:

Database connection failed: mysqlnd cannot connect to MySQL 4.1+ using the old insecure authentication. 

This error message signifies that mysqlnd, a MySQL native driver, is unable to establish a secure connection due to an outdated authentication mechanism employed in MySQL 4.1 or earlier versions.

Resolving the Issue

To resolve this connectivity issue, follow these steps:

1. Remove or Comment Out 'old_passwords' Setting in my.cnf:

   Modify the my.cnf configuration file and locate the line containing 'old_passwords = 1'. Remove this line or comment it out by adding a '#' character at the beginning.

2. Restart MySQL:

   Restart the MySQL service to apply the changes made in my.cnf. This step ensures that MySQL uses the new password format. If skipped, MySQL will continue using the insecure format.

3. Update User Passwords:

   Connect to the database and execute the following query to identify users with outdated passwords:

   SELECT user, Length(`Password`) FROM  `mysql`.`user`;

   This query will display users with both old (16 characters) and new (41 characters) password hashes.

4. Execute Password Updates:

   For users with 16-character password hashes, update their passwords using the following command:

   UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD('password') WHERE user = 'username';

   Replace 'username' with the actual username and 'password' with the desired new password.

5. Flush Privileges:

   Finally, execute the following command to apply the updated passwords:

   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

By completing these steps, you can resolve the connection issue caused by legacy authentication and establish a secure connection to MySQL using mysqlnd.

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