How Can I Retrieve Page Content Effectively with cURL?

How to Retrieve Page Content with cURL

When trying to scrape page content using cURL, you may encounter issues with redirections or "page moved" errors, particularly if the query string contains special characters.

To resolve this issue, you need to ensure that the encoded query string is being handled correctly. Here's an improved code snippet that addresses this problem:

<code class="php">/**
 * Function to retrieve a web page using cURL.
 */
function get_web_page(string $url): array
{
    $user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:8.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/8.0';

    $options = [
        CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST  => "GET",        // Set request type as GET
        CURLOPT_POST           => false,        // Set to GET
        CURLOPT_USERAGENT      => $user_agent, // Set user agent
        CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE     => "cookie.txt", // Set cookie file
        CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR      => "cookie.txt", // Set cookie jar
        CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,     // Return web page
        CURLOPT_HEADER         => false,    // Don't return headers
        CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => true,     // Follow redirects
        CURLOPT_ENCODING       => "",       // Handle all encodings
        CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER    => true,     // Set referer on redirect
        CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT => 120,      // Timeout on connect
        CURLOPT_TIMEOUT        => 120,      // Timeout on response
        CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS      => 10,       // Stop after 10 redirects
    ];

    $ch = curl_init($url);
    curl_setopt_array($ch, $options);
    $content = curl_exec($ch);
    $err = curl_errno($ch);
    $errmsg = curl_error($ch);
    $header = curl_getinfo($ch);
    curl_close($ch);

    $header['errno'] = $err;
    $header['errmsg'] = $errmsg;
    $header['content'] = $content;
    return $header;
}

// Example of using the function to get a web page:
$result = get_web_page('https://www.example.com/page');

if ($result['errno'] != 0) {
    // Handle error: bad url, timeout, redirect loop
}

if ($result['http_code'] != 200) {
    // Handle error: no page, no permissions, no service
}

$page = $result['content'];</code>

By including these additional options, such as setting the request type to GET, providing a user agent, and handling all encodings, you should be able to successfully retrieve the content of the desired web page.

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