how to pass variables in github actions

This article provides guidance on how to pass variables dynamically in GitHub Actions. It covers setting variables using the set-output action and accessing them using the get-output action. Moreover, it discusses best practices for passing variables

How to pass variables in GitHub Actions

1. How can I dynamically set variables in GitHub Actions?

GitHub Actions allows you to dynamically set variables using the set-output and get-output actions. To set a variable, use the set-output action, specifying the name of the variable and its value. For example:

<code>- name: Set variable
  id: setVar
  run: echo "::set-output name=myVar::hello"</code>

To access the variable, use the get-output action, providing the name of the variable. For example:

<code>- name: Get variable
  run: |
    varValue=$(echo "${{ steps.setVar.outputs.myVar }}")
    echo "Variable value: $varValue"</code>

2. What are the best practices for passing variables between steps in GitHub Actions?

When passing variables between steps in GitHub Actions, it is recommended to follow best practices to ensure clarity and avoid potential issues:

• Use descriptive variable names that clearly indicate their purpose.
• Avoid using the same variable name for different purposes.
• Use the with keyword to pass variables from one step to another.
• Avoid using global variables, as they can lead to unexpected behavior.
• Consider using a workflow file for complex workflows to keep variables organized.

3. How do I access variables defined in a previous workflow in GitHub Actions?

To access variables defined in a previous workflow in GitHub Actions, you can use the needs keyword. This allows you to create a dependency between the current workflow and the one that defined the variables. The variables from the earlier workflow can then be accessed using the outputs property of the needs step. For example:

<code>- needs: getVar
  uses: actions/github-script@v3
  with:
    script: VAR={{ fromJSON(needs.getVar.outputs.output) }}
  env:
    MY_VAR: ${{ VAR.myVar }}</code>

Where getVar is the name of the previous workflow that defined the variables.

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