Typography and Font Styling in CSS

Lecture 4: Typography and Font Styling in CSS

In this lecture, we'll explore how to style text using CSS. Typography is a critical aspect of web design that affects readability, user experience, and overall aesthetics. By the end of this lecture, you’ll know how to apply various font styles and control text appearance on your website.

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Understanding Web Fonts

Web fonts allow you to use various typefaces on your website. You can use system fonts that are pre-installed on devices, or you can import custom fonts using services like Google Fonts.

1. System Fonts

System fonts are reliable because they are pre-installed on most devices, but they limit your design options.

• Example:

  body {
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
  }

2. Google Fonts

Google Fonts offers a wide selection of web fonts that you can easily integrate into your website.

• Example:

  1. First, include the font link in your HTML 93f0f5c25f18dab9d176bd4f6de5d30e:

   <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@400;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
  

1. Then, apply the font in your CSS:
   

    body {
      font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
    }
   

Font Properties in CSS

CSS offers a variety of properties to style your fonts, including font size, weight, style, and more.

1. Font Size

You can control the size of the text using the font-size property.

• Example:

  h1 {
    font-size: 36px;
  }
  p {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

2. Font Weight

The font-weight property allows you to set how bold the text appears.

• Example:

  h1 {
    font-weight: bold; /* Or use numeric values like 700 */
  }

3. Font Style

The font-style property lets you italicize text.

• Example:

  em {
    font-style: italic;
  }

4. Font Variant

Use font-variant to display text in small caps.

• Example:

  p.caps {
    font-variant: small-caps;
  }

5. Line Height

The line-height property controls the space between lines of text.

• Example:

  p {
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

6. Text Alignment

The text-align property controls the horizontal alignment of text within an element.

• Example:

  h1 {
    text-align: center;
  }

7. Text Decoration

The text-decoration property allows you to add underlines, overlines, or strikethroughs to text.

• Example:

  a {
    text-decoration: underline;
  }

8. Text Shadow

You can add a shadow effect to your text using the text-shadow property.

• Example:

  h2 {
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 5px gray;
  }

Practical Example:

Let’s combine these properties to style a webpage with a focus on typography.

HTML:

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  4a249f0d628e2318394fd9b75b4636b1Welcome to Our Blog473f0a7621bec819994bb5020d29372a
  c1a436a314ed609750bd7c7d319db4daLatest Updates2e9b454fa8428549ca2e64dfac4625cd
  03c914392195facb4bb03ef129401e65Stay updated with the latest trends in web development, design, and more.94b3e26ee717c64999d7867364b1b4a3
  e388a4556c0f65e1904146cc1a846beeExplore articles, tutorials, and resources to help you master the art of web design.94b3e26ee717c64999d7867364b1b4a3
16b28748ea4df4d9c2150843fecfba68

CSS:

/* Google Font */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans:wght@400;700&display=swap');

body {
  font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
  color: #333;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Heading Styles */
h1 {
  font-size: 36px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-align: center;
  text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #aaa;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

/* Paragraph Styles */
p {
  font-size: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.intro {
  font-style: italic;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  text-align: justify;
}

/* Centering the content */
.content {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 20px;
}

In this example:

• The Google Font "Open Sans" is used for all text.
• The headings (h1, h2) are styled with specific font sizes, weights, and text shadows.
• Paragraphs are given a standard font size, with special styling applied to the .intro class, including italics and small caps.
• The content is centered on the page with a max width and auto margins.

Practice Exercise

1. Create an HTML page with various headings and paragraphs.
2. Apply different font properties to style your text.
3. Use a Google Font to give your webpage a unique look.
4. Experiment with text alignment, decoration, and shadow effects.

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Next Up: In the next lecture, we’ll discuss CSS Layouts: Floats, Flexbox, and Grid, where you’ll learn how to create complex and responsive layouts for your website. Stay tuned!

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