

Author: Attorney Zeng Jie, director of defense and research on illegal fund-raising cases at Guangdong Guangqiang Law Firm
(This article may not be reproduced without the author’s permission)
Introduction:
1. Why **10 In the department's virtual currency notice, it not only qualifies virtual currency-related transactions and other business activities as illegal financial activities in Article 2, but also reminds investors of transaction risks in Article 4? Is this a contradiction? No.
2. A virtual currency trading platform that provides futures services must be operating illegally.
3. Another path to the crime of illegal business: opening a financial business trading platform without authorization.
4. You are responsible for the risks involved in investing in digital currency transactions, but if you encounter a crime, you can still call the police.
Text:
1. Why in the virtual currency notice of the 10 departments of **, the second article defines virtual currency related transactions and other business activities as illegal financial activities, but also reminds investors of transaction risks in the fourth article ? Is this a contradiction? No.
According to Article 2 of the "Notice on Further Preventing and Dealing with Speculation Risks of Virtual Currency Transactions" published by the Department on September 24, virtual currency-related business activities are illegal financial activities. These business activities include legal currency transactions, currency-to-crypto transactions, As an independent counterparty, we buy and sell coins, provide information intermediary and pricing services for transactions, issue financing and virtual currency derivatives transactions, etc. These business activities basically cover currency issuance, trading, derivatives investment, etc. Does this mean that all virtual currency investment or trading will be considered an illegal financial activity?
If this view is true, then Article 4 of the 10 Department Notice will conflict with Article 2. Article 4 of the new notice is a risk reminder for participating in investing in virtual currencies. It mentions that if an entity invests in virtual currencies and related derivatives and violates public order and good customs, the relevant civil legal actions will be invalid, and the resulting losses will be borne by the parties themselves. The significance of this provision is to warn of relevant investment risks, but if it does not violate public order and good customs, that is, civil legal actions related to investment activities will be valid.
However, some people believe that if according to the provisions of Article 2, all currency transactions and legal currency transactions are illegal financial activities. Under the premise of this illegality, so-called investment activities should also be included in this currency. Currency trading or legal currency trading is also an illegal financial activity. Since these behaviors are illegal, they should naturally be invalid, and it cannot be observed whether they are in line with public order and good customs. Therefore, some people believe that these two provisions are inconsistent in content.
The author believes that there is no contradiction between these two articles. The mistake in the above views is that there is no distinction between the subjects or behavioral patterns targeted by the second and fourth articles.
Carefully read the original text of the new notice and the Q&A with the relevant person in charge of the central bank. The second article is about virtual currency-related business activities. The so-called business activities refer to the professional work or business activities of individuals or institutions for the purpose of profit. This kind of business work is generally based on this as a career, and is a planned, continuous, and commercial business activity aimed at an unspecified target. The corresponding concept is sporadic trading activities or other sporadic activities, which are episodic, amateur, unplanned, and low-frequency, similar to the difference between retail investors and institutional investors in the stock market. Retail investors generally use their scattered time and money to carry out personal investment activities, while private equity and public equity investors use this as their business activities to carry out specialized profitable business activities; retail investors do not need to hold relevant business licenses, while institutional investors Generally, relevant business licenses are required.
Regarding this issue, compared with the 2017 Seven-Department 94 Announcement "Announcement on Preventing the Risks of **Issuance and Financing", its concept of illegal financial activities is limited to **Issuance and Financing. However, the new 924 notice from ten departments in 2021 will expand the scope of the concept of illegal financial activities to almost all issuance and trading activities related to virtual currencies. In the future, smart contracts for decentralized finance may be further included, such as related Lending, pledging, storage and other activities.
2. The qualitative path of illegal operations of virtual currency trading platforms is basically clear
The futures contract business is a clear red line for criminal offenses, and any violation will result in punishment.
According to the previous 94 regulations, all virtual currency trading platforms are not allowed to engage in the exchange business between legal currency and ** and "virtual currencies"; they are not allowed to buy, sell or act as a counterparty to buy or sell ** or "virtual currencies"; they are not allowed to Provide pricing, information intermediary and other services for ** or "virtual currency". However, the relevant criminal laws and regulations do not clarify the relevant crimes. However, in the financing and issuance of securities, the suspected crimes mentioned include illegal selling of securities, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, fraud, etc.
**의 새로운 924 통지에는 불법 금융 활동과 관련된 범죄 혐의 목록에 매우 다른 범죄, 즉 불법 선물 사업이 추가되었습니다. 형법 규정에 따르면 선물업을 불법적으로 운영하는 행위, 시장질서를 교란하는 행위 등 사안이 엄중한 경우에는 불법운용죄에 해당합니다. 여기서 '심각한 상황'이란 범죄금액이 30만건에 달하면 형사소송을 제기할 수 있는 금액기준이 높지 않다는 뜻이다.
924조의 새로운 고시에는 94조의 규정과 비교하여 그 법적 근거에 "선물거래관리규정"도 추가되어 있습니다. 현재 다수의 가상 화폐 거래 플랫폼은 화폐 거래 등 정보 중개 서비스뿐만 아니라 디지털 화폐 투자를 위한 마진 투자 계약 투자 서비스도 제공하고 있으며, 파생상품에는 마진 거래, 증권 대출 등 관련 금융 서비스가 포함되어 있기 때문입니다. 이러한 사업이 공개 중앙 집중식 거래 방법이나 기타 방법을 사용하여 선물 계약 또는 옵션 계약과 관련된 거래를 포함하는 경우 해당 금액이 300,000을 초과하면 불법 선물 사업으로 간주될 수 있습니다.
3. 불법영업 범죄의 또 다른 길: 무단으로 금융업 거래 플랫폼 개설
실제로는 OTC 거래 서비스만 제공하고 다른 ** 계약이나 기타 서비스를 제공하지 않는 유형의 거래 플랫폼도 있습니다. 블록체인 금융서비스 불법영업 의혹이 있지 않을까요?
현재로서는 대답이 그다지 낙관적이지 않습니다.
새로운 공지 중에서 더욱 눈길을 끄는 법률 및 규제 문서에는 "금융 위험을 효과적으로 예방하기 위해 **기관의 다양한 지역 거래 장소를 정리하고 시정하기 위한 기관의 결정"과 "금융청의 결정"이 포함됩니다. **정리기관
"각종 거래처 정리 및 시정에 관한 시행의견"입니다.
그 중 "금융위험의 효과적인 예방을 위한 각종 거래장소의 정리 및 시정에 관한 **아카데미의 결정"에는 "보험, 신용, 금 등 금융상품의 거래에 종사하는 거래장소는 **아카데미 관련 재무관리부서의 승인을 거쳐 설립되어야 함 "암호화폐 거래 서비스를 제공하기 위해 거래 플랫폼을 개설한 후 국내 고객에게 제공하는 경우 해당 서비스는 불법적인 금융 서비스 활동에 해당하며, 거래 플랫폼은 관련 재무 관리 부서의 승인을 받아야 합니다. 승인을 얻지 못한 경우 이는 인민법원의 결정과 불법적인 정부 규정을 위반하는 것입니다. 시장질서를 교란하는 수준에 이르면 기본적으로 불법금융서비스를 제공하기 위해 거래플랫폼을 개설하는 행위도 불법영업범죄로 간주된다는 범죄화 논리가 기본적으로 형성된다.
물론, 현행 **법상 불법영업범죄에 대한 해당 대응에 따르면, 명확한 **설명 없이 불법영업범죄로 판단되는 경우는 법에 신고하도록 되어 있습니다. 단계별로. 현재의 정책 환경과 규제 상황으로 볼 때 독자들은 **법의 대응에 대해 적절한 심리적 고려를 하게 될 것이라고 믿습니다.
또한, 924의 새로운 고시 이후에는 법무부, 검찰 및 기타 부서가 가상화폐 형사 사건에 대해 새로운 해석이나 의견을 내놓을 가능성도 배제하지 않습니다.
4. 디지털 화폐 거래에 대한 투자와 관련된 위험에 대한 책임은 귀하에게 있지만 범죄가 발생하면 경찰에 신고할 수 있습니다.
새 고시 제4조에서는 “가상화폐 투자 및 거래 활동에 참여함에 있어 법적 위험이 따릅니다**”라고 규정하고 있습니다.** 법인, 비법인 단체, 자연인이 가상화폐 및 관련 파생상품에 투자하여 공서양속에 반하는 경우 세관, 관련 민사 소송은 무효가 되며, 금융 질서를 침해하고 금융 안전을 위협하는 것으로 의심되는 경우 손실은 당사자가 부담해야 하며 관련 부서에서 법에 따라 조사하고 처리해야 합니다.
본 글에 언급된 '자기 책임'을 부패에 부딪혔음에도 불구하고 경찰은 개의치 않은 것으로 오해하는 분들이 많을 것입니다. 그러나 이러한 이해는 잘못된 것입니다. 이런 경우 투자자가 사기나 불법자금 모금 등의 범죄 행위를 당했을 경우 경찰에 신고하는 것이 여전히 가장 효과적인 해결책이지만 경찰은 범죄 퇴치, 도난품 회수 등의 임무를 수행할 책임이 있습니다. 투자자 개인 손실의 경우, 도난품을 회수해도 여전히 손실을 보상할 수 없는 경우, 투자자는 규제 당국이나 사건 처리 부서에 해당 손실에 대한 책임을 물을 수 없습니다. 이러한 규제는 불법 모금 사건의 모금 참여자가 스스로 손실을 감수해야 하는 것과 유사하며, 이때에도 경찰은 장물 회수 및 손실 회복의 임무를 수행하게 되며, * * 법원도 판결을 내릴 때 이 문제를 고려하여 해당 피고에게 도난품 반환 의무를 요구할 것입니다.
(위 내용은 광창 법률 사무소의 불법 모금 범죄 변호 및 연구** 책임자인 Zeng Jie 변호사가 요약하고 정리한 것입니다. 형사 변호에 유용한 도움이 되기를 바랍니다. 동료들의 비판과 제안을 환영합니다.
2 가상화폐 거래 플랫폼 개발이 적법한가요? (가상화폐 거래 플랫폼 개발이 적법한가요?) 16597이 글이 도움이 되었거나, 아직 질문에 대한 답을 얻지 못하셨다면, 다른 콘텐츠를 확인하거나 이 사이트를 북마크에 추가하세요.
The above is the detailed content of Is the development of a virtual currency trading platform legal? (Is the development of a virtual currency trading platform legal?). For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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