Item Prefer references to methods over lambdas

Advantages of References for Methods

• Concision: References to methods are more concise than lambdas.
  Example: Increment value in a Map using merge:

• Lambda: (count, incr) -> count + incr
  Reference for method: Integer::sum

Boilerplate Reduction
Removal of Useless Parameters: Parameters such as count and incr are eliminated.
Example:

map.merge(key, 1, Integer::sum);

Efficient Use of References for Methods

• Useful Documentation in Lambdas: In some cases, parameter names in lambdas can provide useful documentation.
• Conversion of Lambdas to Methods: If a lambda is too complex, extract the code into a separate method and use the reference to that method.

IDEs and References for Methods

• IDE suggestions: IDEs often suggest replacing lambdas with references to methods.
• Acceptance of Suggestions: Generally, accept suggestions, but evaluate on a case-by-case basis.

Exceptions and Considerations

• More Concise Lambdas: Sometimes lambdas are more concise than method references.
• Example with Class:
• Reference for method: GoshThisClassNameIsHumongous::action
• Lambda: () -> action()
• Identity Function: Function.identity() vs. x -> x

Types of References for Methods

• Static: Integer::parseInt (lambda: str -> Integer.parseInt(str))
• Limited: Instant.now()::isAfter (lambda: t -> Instant.now().isAfter(t))
• Unlimited: String::toLowerCase (lambda: str -> str.toLowerCase())
• Class Constructor: TreeMap::new (lambda: () -> new TreeMap)
• Array Constructor: int[]::new (lambda: len -> new int[len])

Conclusion
Preference for Method References: Use method references when they are shorter and clearer than lambdas.
Use of Lambdas: Prefer lambdas if they are more concise or provide better documentation.

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