Makefile - .h - .c exemple.

Here is the project structure with the example without static library first, followed by the example with static library.

Project Structure

/mon_projet
├── Makefile
├── utils.h
├── utils.c
└── main.c

Example 1: Without static library

1. Header file: utils.h

#ifndef UTILS_H
#define UTILS_H

// Fonction pour additionner deux entiers
int addition(int a, int b);

#endif // UTILS_H

2. Source file: utils.c

#include "utils.h"

// Implémentation de la fonction d'addition
int addition(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

3. Main file: main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "utils.h"

int main() {
    int a = 5;
    int b = 3;
    int result = addition(a, b);

    printf("La somme de %d et %d est : %d\n", a, b, result);
    return 0;
}

4. Makefile: Makefile

# Variables
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -g
SOURCES = main.c utils.c
OBJECTS = $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
DEPENDS = $(OBJECTS:.o=.d)
TARGET = mon_programme

# Règle par défaut
all: $(TARGET)

# Lien de l'exécutable
$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
    $(CC) -o $@ $^

# Compilation des fichiers .c en .o avec génération des dépendances
%.o: %.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -MMD -c $< -o $@

# Inclure les fichiers de dépendance
-include $(DEPENDS)

# Déclaration des cibles phony
.PHONY: all clean fclean re

# Nettoyage
clean:
    rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(DEPENDS)

fclean: clean
    rm -f $(TARGET)

re: fclean all

---

Example 2: With a static library

1. Header file: utils.h

#ifndef UTILS_H
#define UTILS_H

// Fonction pour additionner deux entiers
int addition(int a, int b);

#endif // UTILS_H

2. Source file: utils.c

#include "utils.h"

// Implémentation de la fonction d'addition
int addition(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

3. Main file: main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "utils.h"

int main() {
    int a = 5;
    int b = 3;
    int result = addition(a, b);

    printf("La somme de %d et %d est : %d\n", a, b, result);
    return 0;
}

4. Makefile: Makefile

# Variables
CC = gcc
AR = ar
CFLAGS = -Wall -g
SOURCES = main.c utils.c
OBJECTS = $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
DEPENDS = $(OBJECTS:.o=.d)
TARGET = mon_programme
LIBRARY = libutils.a

# Règle par défaut
all: $(TARGET)

# Lien de l'exécutable
$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS) $(LIBRARY)
    $(CC) -o $@ $^

# Création de la bibliothèque statique
$(LIBRARY): utils.o
    $(AR) rcs $@ $^

# Compilation des fichiers .c en .o avec génération des dépendances
%.o: %.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -MMD -c $< -o $@

# Inclure les fichiers de dépendance
-include $(DEPENDS)

# Déclaration des cibles phony
.PHONY: all clean fclean re

# Nettoyage
clean:
    rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(DEPENDS) $(LIBRARY)

fclean: clean
    rm -f $(TARGET)

re: fclean all

Summary of Examples

1. Without static library:

   • Directly compiles the source files to create the my_program executable without creating a library.

2. With static library:

   • Creates a libutils.a library from utils.o.
   • The my_program executable depends on this library.

Use

• To compile the program: make
• To clean object files and the library (in the first example): make clean
• To clean completely: make fclean
• To rebuild: make re

These examples show how to structure a simple project with and without a static library while maintaining clarity and maintainability in the Makefile.

Example 3: Using another library:

Note: this is the Makefile that I created when carrying out one of my projects.

# Arguments
NAME        = libftprintf.a
CFLAGS      = -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I .

# Sources
SRC_FILES    = ft_printf.c \
               ft_ulitob.c \
               ft_putunbr_fd.c \
               ft_unsigned_lintlen.c \
               ft_lintlen.c \
               ft_print_c.c \
               ft_print_s.c \
               ft_print_p.c \
               ft_print_di.c \
               ft_print_u.c \
               ft_print_x.c

# Objets
OBJ_FILES    = $(SRC_FILES:.c=.o)

# Règle principale
all: $(NAME)

# Création de la bibliothèque
$(NAME): $(OBJ_FILES)
    make -C libft/
    cp libft/libft.a $(NAME)
    ar rcs $(NAME) $(OBJ_FILES)

# Compilation des fichiers source
%.o: %.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@

# Nettoyage
clean:
    rm -rf $(OBJ_FILES)
    make clean -C libft/

fclean: clean
    rm -rf $(NAME)
    make fclean -C libft/

re: fclean all

# Commandes indispensables
.PHONY: all clean fclean re

Key Improvements

1. Automatic Generation of Object Files: The OBJ_FILES variable automatically converts source file names to object file names using pattern substitution.

2. Pattern Rules: Using pattern rules (%.o:%c) simplifies compilation commands for each source file.

3. Organized Cleaning Rules: The cleaning rules are concise, removing unnecessary repetition.

4. Ease of Maintenance: The structure is clear, making future modifications simpler.

This Makefile maintains the same functionality while being cleaner and more efficient.

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