How to simulate using random numbers in Golang?

Use math/rand package for random number simulation: import math/rand package. Use time.Now().UnixNano() to initialize the random number generator. Use rand.Intn(n) to generate a random integer between 0 and n-1. Use rand.Float64() to generate a floating point number between 0 and 1.

How to use random numbers for simulation in Golang

In Golang, using random numbers for simulation is a common task, which can be used to create Various applications and algorithms, such as artificial intelligence in games or modeling of real-life events.

Using the math/rand package

Golang provides a built-in package called math/rand, which provides all the functions needed to generate random numbers. To use it, import the package into your program:

import (
    "math/rand"
    "time"
)

Initializing the random number generator

Before generating random numbers, we must first initialize the random number generator. It is recommended to use time.Now().UnixNano() as a random number seed, which can ensure that a different random number sequence is generated each time the program is executed:

rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())

Generate random numbers

Now we can generate random numbers. rand.Intn(n) The function generates a random integer between 0 and n-1 (excluding n). For example, to generate a random integer between 0 and 100, you can use:

num := rand.Intn(100)

rand.Float64() The function generates a floating point number between 0 and 1:

prob := rand.Float64()

Practical Case: Simulating Dice Rolling

Let us create a simple program to simulate the process of throwing dice:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())

    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        num := rand.Intn(6) + 1
        fmt.Printf("掷出 %d\n", num)
    }
}

Running this program will generate a sequence of random numbers, range From 1 to 6, simulate the process of rolling dice.

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