How to implement generic programming using templates and class parameters in C++?

Templates and class parameters in C++ allow generic programming, using type parameters to write code that works on a variety of data types. If you create the template class MyContainer, you can specify the type parameter T, such as int or double. Class parameters enable classes to become template parameters to dynamically configure data types and behaviors. The maximum value of different data types can be calculated through functions based on template type parameters, such as max. These features provide code flexibility, reusability, and efficiency.

How to use templates and class parameters in C++ to implement generic programming

Introduction

Generic programming is a powerful technique that allows you to write code that works on a variety of data types. In C++, this can be achieved using templates and class parameters.

Templates

Templates are utility functions or classes that allow you to write code that works with different data types. You create a template by declaring one or more type parameters:

template<typename T>
class MyContainer {
    // ...
};

This means that MyContainer can be constructed using any type T, such as int, double or a custom type.

Class parameters

Class parameters allow classes to become template parameters. This allows you to create flexible classes whose data types and behavior can be dynamically configured.

template<class T>
class Queue {
    T data[100];
    // ...
};

int main() {
    Queue<int> intQueue;
    Queue<double> doubleQueue;
    // ...
}

Here, the Queue class is configured to use two different data types: int and double.

Practical case

Let us write a template function to calculate the maximum value of two elements:

template<typename T>
T max(T a, T b) {
    return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

int main() {
    cout << max<int>(10, 20) << endl;  // 输出：20
    cout << max<double>(3.14, 2.71) << endl;  // 输出：3.14
}

The function uses template type parametersT, allowing it to accept any data type and return the maximum value.

Conclusion

Templates and class parameters in C++ are powerful tools that enable generic programming to create flexible, efficient, reusable code.

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