How to debug C++ code using Clang static analyzer?

Using the Clang static analyzer can help detect potential problems in C++ code at compile time, saving debugging time. How to install: Pre-installed in XCode on macOS, command line installation on Linux and Windows. Usage: Use the scan-build command to compile the code and run the profiler. This tool can detect errors such as array out-of-bounds and provide detailed information to effectively improve code quality.

Use Clang static analyzer to debug C++ code

Clang static analyzer is a method used to detect C++ code at compile time Tools for potential problems. It helps you find errors at runtime, saving time on debugging and testing.

Install the Clang Static Analyzer

On macOS, the Clang Static Analyzer comes pre-installed in XCode.

On Linux and Windows, you can install Clang using the following command:

$ sudo apt install clang-tools

Using the Clang static analyzer

To use the Clang static analyzer , please use the scan-build command. It will compile your code and run the static analyzer.

$ scan-build make

Practical case

Let us use a simple C++ program to demonstrate the Clang static analyzer:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);
    return v[2]; // 数组越界
}

Runscan-build Command:

$ scan-build make

The result will be displayed:

==1478==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: SEGV on unknown address 0x000005ba628c in thread T0
==1478==The signal is caused by a READ memory access.
==1478==Hint: pc = 0x7f9ea8f7f231 ip = 0x7f9ea8f7f180 sp = 0x7ffca9de8530 bp = 0x7ffca9de8590 T0

The static analyzer detected an array out-of-bounds error and provided details about the location of the error.

Conclusion

By using the Clang static analyzer, you can find errors in your C++ code early, thereby improving code quality and reducing debugging time.

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