How to create and initialize a C++ STL container?

Question: How to create and initialize in C++ STL container? Answer: Create a container using a default constructor, initializer list, or scope initialization. Initialize the container using insertion methods, assignment operators, or iterator initialization.

#How to create and initialize in C++ STL container?

In the C++ Standard Template Library (STL), containers are objects used to store and organize data. There are various types of containers, each with its own characteristics and uses. This article will show you how to create and initialize the most commonly used STL containers.

How to create a container

To create an STL container, you can use the following method:

// 使用默认构造函数创建空容器
std::vector<int> myVector;

// 使用花括号初始化列表创建容器
std::list<std::string> myList = {"hello", "world"};

// 使用范围初始化创建容器
std::array<int, 5> myArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

How to initialize the container

After creating the container, you can initialize it using one of the following methods:

// 使用插入方法
myVector.push_back(1);
myList.push_back("C++");

// 使用赋值运算符
myArray[0] = 6;

// 使用迭代器初始化（C++11 及更高版本）
std::vector<int> myOtherVector(myVector.begin(), myVector.end());

Practical Case

Let us consider a practical example of storing student information:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

struct Student {
    int id;
    string name;
};

int main() {
    // 创建一个 Student 类型的 vector
    vector<Student> students;

    // 初始化 vector
    students.push_back({1, "Alice"});
    students.push_back({2, "Bob"});
    students.push_back({3, "Charlie"});

    // 遍历 vector 并打印每个学生的详细信息
    for (const Student& student : students) {
        cout << "Student ID: " << student.id << endl;
        cout << "Student Name: " << student.name << endl;
        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

In this example, we create a vector of type Student, which contains the ID and name information of each student. Then we use the push_back method to initialize the student object into the vector. Finally, we use a range for loop to iterate over the vector and print each student's details.

By following the steps in this article, you can easily create and initialize various STL containers in C++ to efficiently store and organize your data.

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