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PHP 5.4正式版重要新特性
口水文章,文章里有的地方还没写完整.大家跟我一起将就的看看吧..
目前php的最新版本已经是5.41
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PHP一直是在Web开发领域中十分重要而快捷方便的开发语言,深受广大开发人员的青睐。现在PHP 5.4的正式版本已经发布,其中增加了大量新的特性,官方声称性能提高20%,并且占用更少的资源。在本文中,我将带领大家学习PHP 5.4的一些新的特性。

  在PHP 5.4中,首先是修复了多达100多处的bug,并且在内存及性能优化上做的更好了,而且去掉了一些之前版本的方法,比如register_globals,magic_quotes,safe_mode等,而且要注意的是,PHP 5.4中,默认的编码方式已经改变为了,这很有利于开发者开发多语言的版本应用。

  Traits介绍

  首先来介绍下PHP 5.4中新加入的功能Traits。其实该功能在其他语言中也见到其踪影,这里可以简单理解为一系列的方法的集合,在组织结构上跟类有点象(但不能象类那样实例化),能让开发者可以在不同的类中重用这组方法。由于php是单继承的语言,所以一个类中是不能同时继承多个类的。这个时候,Traits就派上用场了。

  Traits是一个方案集合,它不属于任何实际类。用户没法创建Trait实例或直接调用Trait中的方法,相反,用户必须将Traits合并到实际的类当中方能使用它们。在优先级方面,Trait方法会覆盖继承而来的同名方法,而当前合并类中的同名方法则会覆盖Trait方法。

  下面举个例子来说明Traits的用途。假设我们正在构建的网站中,需要同时调用Facebook和Twitter的API,而在这两个API的调用过程中,都需要调用curl方法进行一系列的操作,获得两者API接口返回的内容,为了不在这两个类中重复编写相同的方法,可以使用php 5.4中的Traits实现,如下代码所示:

  /** cURL wrapper trait */

  trait cURL

  public function curl($url)

  $ch = curl_init();

  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);

  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

  $output = curl_exec($ch);

  curl_close($ch);

  return $output;

  /** Twitter API 类 */

  class Twitter_API

  use cURL; //调用Traits

  public function get($url)

  return json_decode($this->curl("http://api.twitter.com/".$url));

  /** Facebook API 类 */

  class Facebook_API

  use cURL; //调用Traits

  public function get($url)

  return json_decode($this->curl("http://graph.facebook.com/".$url));

  $facebook = new Facebook_API();

  echo $facebook->get("name; //这里会调用API输出该facebook的用户名

  /** 演示php 5.4中的新特性 */

  echo (new Facebook_API)->get("name;

  $foo = "get";

  echo (new Facebook_API)->$foo("name;

  echo (new Twitter_API)->get("name;

  在上面的代码中,首先通过关键字trait定义了一个功能集合,其名称为Curl,其中包含一个方法名为curl,该方法中是根据url的参数值,调用php内置的cur方法返回该url对应的页面输出内容。然后在Twitter_API类和Facebook_API

  类中,分别使用use cURL去调用了这个Traits,并且在各自的get方法中,都调用了Traits中的的curl方法。

  注意在上面的代码中,我们除了用new Facebook_API()来生成facebook对象的实例外,还演示了使用php 5.4中新的特性,即:

  可以在实例化时访问类成员,即:

  echo (new Facebook_API)->get("name;

  $foo = "get";

  echo (new Facebook_API)->$foo("name;

  看到了么?其中对$foo变量赋值为get,然后在类中企图调用get方法时,是通过(new Facebook_API)->$foo("500058753")->name;去实现调用的。

  我们再举个例子来说明下Traits的使用,可能这个例子更加简单,比如如下代码:

  trait Net

  public function net()

  return "Net";

  trait Tuts

  public function tuts()

  return "Tuts";

  class NetTuts

  use Net, Tuts;

  public function plus()

  return "+";

  $o = new NetTuts;

  echo $o->net(), $o->tuts(), $o->plus();

  echo (new NetTuts)->net(), (new NetTuts)->tuts(), (new NetTuts)->plus();

  以上的结果都输出NetTuts。此外,顺便说下,在php 5.4中traits的魔术常量为__TRAIT__。

  内置的调试服务器

  在以往的php 开发中,一般是需要跟如Apache HTTP Server进行配合开发的。在php 5.4中,新内置了一个简单的Web服务器,以方便开发者不用通过复杂的配置也可以完成开发工作。下面分步骤讲解下如何在windows环境下,使用php 5.4中的内置服务器完成相关工作。

  步骤1) 首先在c盘根目录下建立一个目录,为public_html,并且在文件中建立一个router.php文件,代码如下:

  php

  // router.php

  if (preg_match("#\.php$#", $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]))

  require basename($_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]); // serve php file

  else if (strpos($_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"], ".") !== false)

  return false; // serve file as-is

  >

  然后再建立一个简单的PHP文件,名字为index.php,如下:

  // index.php

  echo "Hello Nettuts+ Readers!";

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