How does the golang framework architecture achieve unit testing and code coverage?

Summary: Unit testing and code coverage improve the quality and maintainability of Go code. Unit testing uses Go’s testing package, while code coverage uses the cover package. Unit testing involves defining inputs, expected outputs, and comparing the results. Code coverage tracks the percentage of statements or branches in your code that are executed. A practical example showing how to analyze the CalculateFibonacci() function using unit testing and code coverage.

Golang architecture unit testing and code coverage

Introduction
Unit testing is important for ensuring code coverage Accuracy and robustness are crucial. Implementing unit testing and code coverage in Go applications improves code quality and maintainability.

Unit testing

• Using Go’s testing package

  package mypkg
  
  import "testing"
  
  func TestMyFunc(t *testing.T) {
    // 定义输入和预期输出
    input := 5
    expected := 10
  
    // 调用函数并比较结果
    result := myFunc(input)
    if result != expected {
        t.Errorf("myFunc(%d) = %d, want %d", input, result, expected)
    }
  }

Code coverage

• Using Go’s cover package

  // package main
  
  import (
    "coverage"
    "log"
    "os"
  )
  
  var coverProfile string
  
  func init() {
    coverProfile = os.Getenv("COVER_PROFILE")
    if coverProfile != "" {
        err := coverage.Start(coverage.CoverageOptions{
            CoverProfile: coverProfile,
        })
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Coverage Error: %v\n", err)
        }
        defer coverage.Stop()
    }
  }
  
  func main() {
    log.Println("Hello, World!")
  }

Practical case
Consider a simple CalculateFibonacci() function, which calculates the Fibonacci number of a given positive integer.

Unit test

// package mypkg

import (
    "fmt"
    "testing"
)

func TestCalculateFibonacci(t *testing.T) {
    // 定义测试用例
    testCases := []struct {
        input     int
        expected int
    }{
        {0, 0},
        {1, 1},
        {2, 1},
        {3, 2},
        {4, 3},
    }

    // 运行测试用例
    for _, testCase := range testCases {
        result := CalculateFibonacci(testCase.input)
        if result != testCase.expected {
            t.Errorf(
                "CalculateFibonacci(%d) = %d, want %d",
                testCase.input,
                result,
                testCase.expected,
            )
        }
        fmt.Printf(
            "Test Passed: CalculateFibonacci(%d) = %d\n",
            testCase.input,
            result,
        )
    }
}

Code coverage

// package mypkg

// import "coverage"

var (
    cov *coverage.Coverage
)

// func init() {}

func CalculateFibonacci(n int) int {
    if n == 0 || n == 1 {
        return n
    }

    // 计算分支覆盖率
    if cov != nil {
        cov.Line(18)
    }

    return CalculateFibonacci(n-1) + CalculateFibonacci(n-2)
}

Can be run by running go test -cover command to generate code coverage reports.

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