What are the techniques and functions of C++ memory management?

Memory management technology: Heap allocation (new operator) Stack allocation (local variables) Release storage (delete operator) Function: Memory application: Obtain memory from the system Memory release: Avoid memory leaks Memory tracking: Debugging and maintenance memory protection : Prevent illegal access

Technology and role of C++ memory management

Introduction

Memory management is a crucial part of C++, which handles the tasks of applying for, managing, and releasing memory at runtime. Effective memory management is crucial to ensure program stability and performance.

Memory management technology

C++ provides the following technology for memory management:

• Heap allocation: Pass The new operator allocates memory on the heap (memory allocated at runtime).
• Stack allocation: Allocate memory on the stack (the memory area where function calls and local variables are stored) through local variables.
• Free storage: Use the delete operator to free heap allocated memory.

The role of memory management

Memory management plays the following key roles in C++:

• Memory application : Allows a program to obtain memory from the system when needed.
• Memory release: Release allocated memory when no longer needed to avoid memory leaks.
• Memory Tracking: Helps track allocated memory for debugging and maintenance when necessary.
• Memory protection: Prevent access to unallocated or invalid memory and improve program stability.

Practical Example

Consider the following C++ code snippet:

int* ptr = new int; // 在堆上分配一个整数
*ptr = 5; // 将值 5 存储在指向的地址

... // 使用 ptr

delete ptr; // 释放分配的内存

In this example, we use new operator allocates a pointer to an integer on the heap. We then dereference the pointer using *ptr and store the value 5 in the memory pointed to. When the pointer is no longer needed, we use the delete operator to release the allocated memory and release the resources on the heap.

By using these memory management techniques, we can ensure that memory is effectively managed, thereby improving program stability and efficiency.

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