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Function safety: goroutine safety: safe to call in concurrent goroutine. Non-goroutine safe: accessing shared state or relying on a specific goroutine. Synchronization mechanism: Mutex: protects concurrent access to shared resources. RWMutex: Allows concurrent reading and only one write. Cond: Wait for specific conditions to be met. WaitGroup: Wait for a group of goroutines to complete. Practical case: Concurrency counter uses Mutex to protect shared state and ensure correctness under concurrency.
The security and synchronization mechanism of Go functions in a concurrent environment
Understand the safety of functions in a concurrent environment of Go stability and correct synchronization mechanisms are crucial. This article will explore these concepts and demonstrate them through a practical case.
Function safety
Synchronization mechanism
In order to ensure data consistency and avoid competition in a concurrent environment, a synchronization mechanism needs to be used. Go provides several built-in synchronization types:
Practical case: Concurrency counter
Consider an example of a concurrency counter. It is a value stored in a goroutine safe variable that can be incremented in parallel. In order to ensure the correctness of the counter under concurrency, a synchronization mechanism needs to be used.
package main import ( "fmt" "sync" "sync/atomic" ) var ( cnt int64 // 原子计数器 mu sync.Mutex // 互斥锁 ) func main() { wg := &sync.WaitGroup{} // 并发增量计数器 for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { wg.Add(1) go func() { mu.Lock() cnt++ mu.Unlock() wg.Done() }() } wg.Wait() fmt.Println("最终计数:", cnt) }
In this example, we declare the counter cnt
as an atomic variable to ensure safe incrementation for concurrency. Use mutex mu
to protect concurrent access to cnt
to prevent race conditions.
Running this program will output:
最终计数: 10
This confirms that the counter is correctly incremented 10 times in parallel.
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