How to build a Golang RESTful API and use middleware for authentication?

This article describes how to build a Golang RESTful API. First, build a RESTful API by importing the necessary libraries, defining the data model, and creating routes. Second, create and apply middleware for authentication using go-chi/chigot and go-chi/chi/middleware. The article further gives a practical case example to demonstrate the practical application of the solution.

How to build a Golang RESTful API and use middleware for authentication

1. Build a RESTful API

Import required Library:

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
)

Define data model:

type Product struct {
    ID    int    `json:"id"`
    Name  string `json:"name"`
    Price float64 `json:"price"`
}

Create route:

router := mux.NewRouter()
router.HandleFunc("/products", GetProducts).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", GetProduct).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/products", CreateProduct).Methods("POST")
router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", UpdateProduct).Methods("PUT")
router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", DeleteProduct).Methods("DELETE")

Definition Controller:

func GetProducts(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

func GetProduct(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

func CreateProduct(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

func UpdateProduct(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

func DeleteProduct(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

2. Use middleware for authentication

Install middleware:

go get github.com/go-chi/chi
go get github.com/go-chi/chi/middleware

Create middleware ：

func AuthMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        // ... 检查认证信息 ...
        if !authorized {
            http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
            return
        }
        // ... 继续处理请求 ...
        next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
    })
}

Application middleware:

router.Use(AuthMiddleware)

Practical case

Example:

func main() {
    // 初始化数据库连接
    db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "mydb.db")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // 创建路由器
    router := mux.NewRouter()

    // 定义路由并应用身份验证中间件
    router.HandleFunc("/products", GetProducts).Methods("GET").Use(AuthMiddleware)
    router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", GetProduct).Methods("GET").Use(AuthMiddleware)
    router.HandleFunc("/products", CreateProduct).Methods("POST").Use(AuthMiddleware)
    router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", UpdateProduct).Methods("PUT").Use(AuthMiddleware)
    router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", DeleteProduct).Methods("DELETE").Use(AuthMiddleware)

    // 启动服务器
    http.Handle("/", router)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

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