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How to validate JSON with regular expression in Golang?

Jun 04, 2024 am 11:02 AM
regular expressionJSON validation

如何在 Go 中使用正则表达式验证 JSON?定义正则表达式模式,确保字符串以花括号开头,包含键值对,键用引号括起,值可以是字符串、数组或嵌套对象。使用正则表达式包编译正则表达式。检查 JSON 字符串是否匹配正则表达式模式。

如何在 Golang 中用正则表达式验证 JSON?

如何在 Golang 中用正则表达式验证 JSON

正则表达式 (Regex) 是一种强大的工具,可用于验证数据的模式和结构。在 Golang 中,我们可以使用正则表达式来验证 JSON 字符串是否符合预期的格式。

正则表达式模式:

^\{(?:"[^"]+":(?:(?!\{|\[)[^\[\]\{\}\"]+|\[.+\]|\{.+\}))*\}$

分解正则表达式:

  • ^: 起始锚定符号,确保字符串从开头开始匹配模式。
  • \{: 匹配花括号打开符号 ({))。
  • (?:"[^"]+":(?:(?!\{|\[)[^\[\]\{\}\"]+|\[.+\]|\{.+\}))*: 匹配键值对,其中:

    • (?:"[^"]+":): 匹配冒号前面的带引号的键。
    • (?:(?!\{|\[)[^\[\]\{\}\"]+|\[.+\]|\{.+\}): 匹配键值对的值,可以是字符串、数组或嵌套对象。
  • *: 匹配前面的元素零次或多次。
  • \}$:匹配花括号关闭符号 (}).

实战案例:

考虑以下 JSON 字符串:

{
  "name": "John Doe",
  "age": 30,
  "hobbies": ["reading", "playing video games"]
}

要使用正则表达式验证此字符串,我们可以使用以下代码:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "regexp"
)

func main() {
    // 定义正则表达式字符串
    jsonRegex := "^\\{(?:\"[^\"]+\":(?:(?!\\{|\\[)[^\\[\\]\\{\\}\\\"]+|\\\\\\[.+\\]|\\\\\\[.+\\]))*}\\}$"

    // 编译正则表达式
    regex := regexp.MustCompile(jsonRegex)

    // JSON 字符串
    jsonString := `{
        "name": "John Doe",
        "age": 30,
        "hobbies": ["reading", "playing video games"]
    }`

    // 检查字符串是否符合模式
    matched := regex.MatchString(jsonString)

    if matched {
        fmt.Println("The JSON string is valid.")
    } else {
        fmt.Println("The JSON string is invalid.")
    }
}

运行此程序将输出:

The JSON string is valid.

这表明 JSON 字符串与预期的正则表达式模式匹配,因此是有效的 JSON。

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